近日,银保监会官网发布《关于进一步规范大学生互联网消费贷款监督管理工作的通知》。其中,《通知》明确规定小额贷款公司不得向大学生发放互联网消费贷款。
无注释原文:
China'sYouthful,Debt-FueledSpendingSpreeSparksaReckoning
WSJ
Leadinguptolastyear’scoronaviruspandemic,anewgenerationoftech-savvyandfree-spendingcitizenshelpedpowerrisingconsumption,agrowingdriverofChina’seconomy.
Manyusedshort-termloanstopayforexpensessuchasprestigecosmetics,electronicgadgetsandcostlyrestaurantmeals.Theyfoundcrediteasytoobtain,thankstoAntandotherChinesefinancial-technologycompaniesthatprovidedunsecuredloanstomillionsofpeoplewhodidn’thavebank-issuedcreditcards.In2019,onlineloansaccountedforasmuchashalfofshort-termconsumerloansinChina,accordingtoestimatesfromFitchRatings.
Now,newfinancialregulationsareforcinglenderstoreassesstheirbusinessstrategiesandhavesparkedareckoningabouttheAmerican-styleborrowingandspendinghabitsofChina’syoungerpopulation.Startingin2022,Antanditspeerswillhavetofundatleast30%oftheloanstheymaketogetherwithbanks,aruledesignedtomakeonlinelendersbearmorerisk.
Inrecentweeks,agrass-rootscampaignonChinesesocialmediadubbed“comingashore”—ametaphorforbecomingdebt-free—hasbeengatheringsteam,withpeoplesharingtheirexperiencesandregretsaboutoverspendingandborrowing.
OnmicrobloggingsiteWeiboandXiaohongshu,anotherpopularsocial-mediaplatform,peoplehavepostedphotosofshreddedcreditcardsandscreenshotsthatshowthemclosingtheironlinecreditfacilities.Somedescribedclawingtheirwayoutofdebtbyreducingdailyexpensesandavoidingunnecessarypurchases.
“Atop-downcrackdownonoverspendinghaspromptedanationalsoul-searching,”saidDanielZhi,apartneratKPMGChina.
OtherChineseoutletshavealsocriticizedfintechplatformsforencouragingyoungpeopletooverspend.Lastmonth,areportfromChina’scentralbanksaidthecountryistryingtoincreasedomesticconsumptionwithoutrelyingonconsumerdebt.Defaultratesforshort-termloanshavebeenlow,butofficialsworryaboutrisksthatcouldariseifexcessiveborrowingisn’tcurtailed.
Ant,whichiscontrolledbybillionaireJackMa,isChina’slargestproviderofonlineshort-termconsumerloans.TheownerofthepopularpaymentsappAlipayhadtheequivalentof$267billioninoutstandingconsumerloansasofJune,makingupnearlyafifthofChina’stotalshort-termhouseholddebt.
Ant’spersonal-lendingservicesHuabeiandJiebei—meaning“justspend”and“justborrow”—wereusedbyabouthalfabillionChinesecitizensinthe12monthstoJunealone.Mostofthefundinghasbeensuppliedbyaround100banksandothercommerciallendersAntpartnerswith.
-◆-
注:中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考,并非一一对应
含注释全文:
China'sYouthful,Debt-FueledSpendingSpreeSparksaReckoning
WSJ
Leadinguptolastyear'scoronaviruspandemic,anewgenerationoftech-savvyandfree-spendingcitizenshelpedpowerrisingconsumption,agrowingdriverofChina'seconomy.
在去年的冠状病毒大流行之前,新一代精通技术和自由消费的公民帮助推动了消费的增长,这是中国经济不断增长的动力。
leadupto
表示“为…作铺垫;是…的先导”,英文解释为“Ifaperiodoftimeorseriesofeventsleadsuptoaneventoractivity,ithappensuntilthateventoractivitybegins.”举个??:
Thepilothadnorecollectionoftheeventsleadinguptothecrash.
飞行员想不起飞机坠毁前发生了什么。
savvy/?s?v?/
savvy表示“有见识的;懂实际知识的;通情达理的”,英文解释为“havingpracticalknowledgeandunderstandingofsth;havingcommonsense”,tech-savvy指的就是懂技术,精通技术/科技的(knowingalotaboutmoderntechnology,especiallycomputers),此处techsavvyconsumers指的就是现在网购普及,擅长用手机/电脑在网上进行购物消费的消费者们。
??电影《爱情、婚礼和婚姻》(Love,Wedding,Marriage)中的台词提到:ifyou'regonnabegoneforsixmonths,youneedtobeinternetemailsavvy.如果你要离开半年你得精通互联网电子邮件。
Manyusedshort-termloanstopayforexpensessuchasprestigecosmetics,electronicgadgetsandcostlyrestaurantmeals.Theyfoundcrediteasytoobtain,thankstoAntandotherChinesefinancial-technologycompaniesthatprovidedunsecuredloanstomillionsofpeoplewhodidn'thavebank-issuedcreditcards.In2019,onlineloansaccountedforasmuchashalfofshort-termconsumerloansinChina,accordingtoestimatesfromFitchRatings.
许多人利用短期贷款来支付名贵化妆品、电子产品和昂贵的餐馆餐饮等费用。他们发现信贷很容易获得,这要归功于蚂蚁和其他中国金融科技公司,它们向数百万没有银行发行的信用卡的人提供无抵押贷款。根据惠誉评级公司(FitchRatings)的估计,2019年,在线贷款占中国短期消费贷款的一半之多。
prestige
prestige/pr??sti??/1)作名词,表示“威信;声望;威望”,英文解释为“therespectandadmirationthatsb/sthhasbecauseoftheirsocialposition,orwhattheyhavedone”举个??:
Thereisalotofprestigeattachedtoowningacarlikethis.
拥有这样一部汽车会显得很气派。
2)作形容词,表示“名贵的;贵重的;讲究派头的”,英文解释为“admiredandrespectedbecauseitlooksimportantandexpensive”如:aprestigecar豪华的汽车。
cosmetic
cosmetic/k?z?m?t?k/本身也可以作形容词,1)表示“装饰门面的,虚饰的,表面的”,英文解释为“Cosmeticchanges,etc.areintendedtomakeyoubelievethatsomethingisbetterwhen,really,theproblemhasnotbeensolved.”举个??:
Theywereofferedafewcosmeticimprovementstotheirworkingconditions,butnothingofsignificance.
表面上他们的工作环境有所改善,但并没有实质上的改变。
2)表示“整容的”,英文解释为“connectedwithmedicaltreatmentthatisintendedtoimproveaperson'sappearance”如:cosmeticsurgery整容外科。
3)作名词,通常复数cosmetics,表示“化妆品;美容品”(asubstancethatyouputonyourfaceorbodytomakeitmoreattractive),如:thecosmeticsindustry化妆品行业,acosmeticcompany化妆品公司,cosmeticproducts化妆产品。
gadget
表示“小器械,小装置,小器具”,英文解释为“Agadgetisasmallmachineordevicewhichdoessomethinguseful.Yousometimesrefertosomethingasagadgetwhenyouaresuggestingthatitiscomplicatedandunnecessary.”
unsecured
表示“无担保的(贷款或债务)”,英文解释为“Unsecuredisusedtodescribeloansordebtsthatarenotguaranteedbyaparticularassetsuchasaperson'shome.”
Now,newfinancialregulationsareforcinglenderstoreassesstheirbusinessstrategiesandhavesparkedareckoningabouttheAmerican-styleborrowingandspendinghabitsofChina'syoungerpopulation.Startingin2022,Antanditspeerswillhavetofundatleast30%oftheloanstheymaketogetherwithbanks,aruledesignedtomakeonlinelendersbearmorerisk.
如今,新的金融监管迫使贷款机构重新评估其经营策略,并引发了对中国年轻群体的美国式借贷和消费习惯的盘算。从2022年开始,蚂蚁及其同行将不得不与银行一起为至少30%的贷款提供资金,这一规定旨在让网贷机构承担更多风险。
reckoning
1)表示“估计;估算;计算”,英文解释为“theactofcalculatingsth,especiallyinawaythatisnotveryexact”举个??:
Bymyreckoningyoustilloweme¥100.
我算计着,你还欠我100元。
2)表示“最后审判日;算总账”,英文解释为“atimewhensb'sactionswillbejudgedtoberightorwrongandtheymaybepunished”举个??:Inthefinalreckoningtruthisrewarded.
在最后算总账的时候,诚实的人会有好报。
Inrecentweeks,agrass-rootscampaignonChinesesocialmediadubbed“comingashore”—ametaphorforbecomingdebt-free—hasbeengatheringsteam,withpeoplesharingtheirexperiencesandregretsaboutoverspendingandborrowing.
最近几周,中国社交媒体上一场被称为“上岸”(comingashore)的民间运动--比喻成为无债之人,正在兴起,人们分享了他们对超前消费和借贷的经历和遗憾。
grassroots
表示“(组织、运动的)基层”,英文解释为“Thegrassrootsofanorganizationormovementaretheordinarypeoplewhoformthemainpartofit,ratherthanitsleaders.”
metaphor
metaphor/?m?t?f?/表示“暗喻;隐喻”,英文解释为“awordorphraseusedtodescribesb/sthelse,inawaythatisdifferentfromitsnormaluse,inordertoshowthatthetwothingshavethesamequalitiesandtomakethedescriptionmorepowerful,forexampleShehasaheartofstone;theuseofsuchwordsandphrases”如:agameoffootballusedasametaphorforthecompetitivestruggleoflife用来喻指生活中的激烈斗争的一场足球比赛。
gathersteam
gain/gathersteam英文解释为“toincreaseinstrength,force,orenergy”,指的是在力量,能量,势头等方面得到增强,就像蒸汽机车的火车头得到蒸汽助推一样,“愈演愈烈,不断高涨”。
OnmicrobloggingsiteWeiboandXiaohongshu,anotherpopularsocial-mediaplatform,peoplehavepostedphotosofshreddedcreditcardsandscreenshotsthatshowthemclosingtheironlinecreditfacilities.Somedescribedclawingtheirwayoutofdebtbyreducingdailyexpensesandavoidingunnecessarypurchases.
在微博和另一个流行的社交媒体平台小红书上,人们贴出了被剪碎的信用卡的照片和关闭网贷的截图。一些人介绍说,他们通过减少日常开支和避免不必要的购物来抓紧摆脱债务。
shred
表示“切碎;撕碎”,英文解释为“Ifyoushredsomethingsuchasfoodorpaper,youcutitortearitintoverysmall,narrowpieces.”举个??:
Theymaybeshreddingdocuments.
他们也许正在粉碎那些文件。
clawone'sway
clawyourwayoutofsth,tosth,etc.表示“努力逐步获得;艰难地移动”,英文解释为“tograduallyachievesthormovesomewherebyusingalotofdeterminationandeffort”举个??:
Sheclawedherwaytothetopofherprofession.
她拼死拼活地爬到了她职业的顶峰。
“Atop-downcrackdownonoverspendinghaspromptedanationalsoul-searching,”saidDanielZhi,apartneratKPMGChina.
“自上而下打击超前消费,促使国民进行反思。”毕马威中国合伙人DanielZhi表示。
soul-searching
表示“反省;内省”,英文解释为“thecarefulexaminationofyourthoughtsandfeelings,forexampleinordertoreachthecorrectdecisionorsolutiontosth”
OtherChineseoutletshavealsocriticizedfintechplatformsforencouragingyoungpeopletooverspend.Lastmonth,areportfromChina'scentralbanksaidthecountryistryingtoincreasedomesticconsumptionwithoutrelyingonconsumerdebt.Defaultratesforshort-termloanshavebeenlow,butofficialsworryaboutrisksthatcouldariseifexcessiveborrowingisn'tcurtailed.
其他中国媒体也批评金融科技平台鼓励年轻人超前消费。上个月,中国央行的一份报告称,中国正试图在不依赖消费债务的情况下增加国内消费。短期贷款的违约率一直很低,但官员们担心,如果不限制过度借贷,可能会出现风险。
outlet
outlet/outlets一词经常出现,mediaoutlet/newsoutlets都可以表示媒体/新闻机构;
outlet本身表示“商店,商行;销售公司;专卖店;直销店”,英文解释为“Anoutletisashopororganizationwhichsellsthegoodsmadebyaparticularmanufactureroratadiscountprice,oftendirectfromthemanufacturer.”如:afast-foodoutlet快餐店aretailoutlet零售店,举个??:
Atthefactoryoutletyou'llfinddiscounteditemsatupto75%offregularprices.
在工厂的直销店里,你会找到比常规价低75%的打折商品。
??而我们日常生活中常见的“奥特莱斯”商场就是outlets的音译,指的就是品牌直销购物中心。
curtail
表示“限制;缩短;减缩”,英文解释为“tolimitsthormakeitlastforashortertime”举个??:
Spendingonbookshasbeenseverelycurtailed.
购书开支已被大大削减。
Ant,whichiscontrolledbybillionaireJackMa,isChina'slargestproviderofonlineshort-termconsumerloans.TheownerofthepopularpaymentsappAlipayhadtheequivalentof$267billioninoutstandingconsumerloansasofJune,makingupnearlyafifthofChina'stotalshort-termhouseholddebt.
由亿万富翁马云控制的蚂蚁是中国最大的在线短期消费贷款提供商。截至6月,这家热门支付应用支付宝的所有者拥有相当于2670亿美元的未偿还消费贷款,占中国家庭短期债务总额的近五分之一。
outstanding
熟词僻义,表示“未支付的;未解决的;未完成的”,英文解释为“notyetpaid,solved,ordone”举个??:
Therearestillacoupleofproblemsoutstanding.
还有几个问题没有解决。
Ant'spersonal-lendingservicesHuabeiandJiebei—meaning“justspend”and“justborrow”—wereusedbyabouthalfabillionChinesecitizensinthe12monthstoJunealone.Mostofthefundinghasbeensuppliedbyaround100banksandothercommerciallendersAntpartnerswith.
蚂蚁的个人贷款服务“花呗”和“借呗”--意为“随便花”和“随便借”--仅在截至6月的12个月内,就有约5亿中国公民使用。大部分资金由蚂蚁合作的约100家银行和其他商业贷款机构提供。
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